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Alphonso Taft
Alphonso Taft (November 5, 1810 – May 21, 1891) was a jurist, diplomat, Attorney General and Secretary of War under President Ulysses S. Grant. He is also the founder of an American political dynasty, and father of President William H. Taft.
As Secretary of War, Taft reformed the War Department by allowing commanders at Indian forts to choose who could start and run post traderships. While serving as Attorney General, he strongly held that African Americans must not be denied the right to vote through intimidation and violence.〔New York Times (October 26, 1876)〕 Attorney General Taft coauthored a bill to Congress, signed into law by President Grant, that created the Elections Commission that settled the controversial Hayes-Tilden election.〔Dictionary of American Biography (1935), p. 264〕
In 1882 Taft was appointed as minister to Austria-Hungary by Chester A. Arthur in 1882. He served until July 4, 1884, and was then transferred by President Arthur to Minister of Russia in St. Petersburg and served until August, 1885. Taft had a reputation for serving political office with integrity and character.
==Early life==
Alphonso Taft was born in Townshend, Vermont, the only child and son of Peter R. Taft of the powerful Taft family and Sylvia Howard, on November 5, 1810.〔 He was descended from Robert Taft who had migrated to America from England in 1640.〔 His mother Sylvia was either of Scotch or Irish descent.〔 While the Taft family was of substance and education, they were not considered wealthy.〔 Taft attended local schools until the age of sixteen. He then taught school to earn money to attend Amherst Academy.〔 Taft entered Yale College in 1829 and he graduated four years later in 1833. Taft helped create the secret society known as Skull and Bones in 1832 with William H. Russell. Upon graduation, again to earn money, Taft was an instructor at Ellington, Connecticut from 1835 to 1837.〔 He subsequently studied law at the Yale Law School and was admitted to the Connecticut bar in 1838. While studying law Taft held a tutorship at Yale. Taft had no desire to remain in New England, and he stated to his father Peter in a letter written on July 22, 1837 that Vermont was a "noble state to emigrate from." Taft did not want to practice law in New York because he believed people were under the corrupting influence of wealth.〔 In 1839 Taft migrated to Cincinnati where he was a member of the Cincinnati City Council, and became one of the most influential citizens of Ohio. He was a member of the boards of trustees of the University of Cincinnati and of Yale College.〔Religion and the Law in America: An Encyclopedia of Personal Belief and Public Policy. Vol. 1. (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2007), 149.〕
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